As we all are well aware, a recent worldwide outbreak (pandemic) of pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ranges from asymptomatic or mild upper respiratory tract infection to severe pneumonia, ARDS or even death. Patients with COVID-19 continue increasing around the world, with more than 61.8 million cumulative cases and 1.4 […]
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic, immunemediated inflammatory disease that is associated with inflammation in the axial skeleton, peripheral joints and non-articular structures. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) incontrovertibly relieve symptoms of AS and their constant use may reduce the rate of ankylosis. However, some patients have a poor response to these medications and they are […]
It is well documented that low back pain is a common and debilitating condition. Medical expenses and lost wages exceed $100-200 billion annually in the United States alone. The intervertebral disc has been identified as the single most common pain generator for low back pain. The interest in emerging bioregenerative therapies has increased over the […]
What is Peyronie’s Disease? Peyronie’s disease (PD) is an uncommon condition involving middle-aged men. It is caused by an inflammation in the tunica followed by scarring and penile curvature. It is considered a fibrotic disorder of the penis that is characterized by the formation of collagen plaques on the tunica albuginea that may cause penile […]
What is Ankylosing Spondylitis? Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic progressive spinal inflammatory arthritis and belongs to the spondyloarthropathies (SpA) group. The clinical manifestations usually emerge in the third decade of life. AS typically affects the sacroiliac joints, axial skeleton, entheses (tendon or ligament attachments to bone) and extra-skeletal sites such as the eye, bowel […]
What is Heart Failure? Heart failure, sometimes known as congestive heart failure, occurs when the heart muscle doesn’t pump blood as well as it should. When this happens, blood often backs up and fluid can build up in the lungs, causing shortness of breath. Certain heart conditions, such as narrowed arteries in the heart (coronary […]
What is Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)? Chronic kidney disease, also called chronic kidney failure, involves a gradual loss of kidney function. Your kidneys filter wastes and excess fluids from your blood, which are then removed in your urine. Advanced chronic kidney disease can cause dangerous levels of fluid, electrolytes and wastes to build up in […]
What is Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus? Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is the most common chronic autoimmune disease in young patients and is characterized by the loss of pancreatic β cells; as a result, the body becomes insulin deficient and hyperglycemic. In type 1 diabetes mellitus, autoimmune destruction of pancreatic islet b cells reduces an […]
What is Alzheimer’s Disease? Around 50 million people live with dementia, with an estimated global cost of care being $818 billion US dollars. Dementia is a fatal clinical disorder characterized by amnesia, progressive cognitive impairment, disorientation, behavioral disturbances, and loss of normal daily function—Alzheimer’s disease is the most common type of dementia. Most Alzheimer’s diseases […]
Lyme’s disease is the most common vector‐borne illness in the United States and Europe, as migratory birds, among other factors, are spreading infections, increasing the burden of illness. In 2015, CDC researchers reported an estimated 329,000 new cases of Lyme disease in the United States, with a 320% increase in the number of counties affected. […]